Sri Lanka

Batticaloa Fort, built by the Portuguese in 1628, features four bastions and strategic water defenses, now housing local government offices.

Ruins

Delft Island Fort

Delft Island Fort is a limestone and coral ruin in northern Sri Lanka, originally Portuguese, later Dutch-held.

Fort Fredrick

Trincomalee, Sri Lanka

Fort Fredrick, a 17th-century bastioned fortress in Trincomalee, built by Portuguese and rebuilt by Dutch on ancient temple site.

Fort Hammenheil

Fort Hammenheil is a 17th-century bastioned fortress on a small island near Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka.

Galle Fort

Galle, Sri Lanka

Galle Fort, a 16th-century bastioned fortress in Sri Lanka, showcases European and South Asian architectural fusion and is a UNESCO site.

Jaffna Fort

Jaffna Fort is a 17th-century bastioned fortress in Sri Lanka, built by the Portuguese and expanded by the Dutch.

Ruins

Katuwana Fort

Katuwana Fort is a 17th-century Dutch bastioned fortress in Sri Lanka's Kandyan foothills, built to defend coastal lowlands.

Kayts Island Fort

Kayts Island Fort is a 17th-century Portuguese bastioned fortress protecting Jaffna Peninsula with distinctive horseshoe design.

Mannar Fort

Mannar Fort is a 16th-century bastioned fortress on Mannar Island, built by the Portuguese and later rebuilt by the Dutch.

Post-Renaissance (17th–18th c.)

Matara Star Fort

Matara, Sri Lanka

Matara Star Fort, an 18th-century Dutch bastioned fortress on Sri Lanka's Nilwala River, showcases colonial military architecture.

Negombo Fort

Negombo, Sri Lanka

Negombo Fort is a 17th-century bastioned fortress in Sri Lanka, originally built by the Portuguese and later modified by the Dutch.

Post-Renaissance (17th–18th c.)

Richmond Castle in Kalutara

Kalutara, Sri Lanka

Richmond Castle in Kalutara is a 1910 mansion blending Eastern and Western styles, famed for its 99 doors and teak staircase.