What is the historical significance of Borthwick Castle?

Borthwick Castle is one of the best-preserved medieval castles in Scotland, dating back to the 15th century. It played a crucial role in the Wars of Scottish Independence and served as a stronghold for important historical figures, such as Mary, Queen of Scots, who visited the castle in 1567.

When was Borthwick Castle built?

Borthwick Castle was constructed between 1430 and 1450 by Sir William Borthwick. Its impressive architecture and robust defenses reflect the turbulent times during which it was built, making it a significant example of medieval Scottish military architecture.

Can I visit Borthwick Castle?

Yes, Borthwick Castle is open to visitors for guided tours and private events. It is advisable to check the castle's official website for the latest information on visiting hours and any special events.

What are the opening hours for Borthwick Castle?

Borthwick Castle typically opens to visitors from April to October, with tours available on specific days. Opening hours can vary, so it's best to confirm times on the castle's official website before planning your visit.

Is it possible to host events at Borthwick Castle?

Yes, Borthwick Castle is available for private events, including weddings and corporate functions. The castle offers a unique and historic setting, and interested parties should contact the venue for more information on packages and availability.

What are the ticket prices for visiting Borthwick Castle?

Ticket prices for Borthwick Castle can vary depending on the type of tour or event. It is recommended to check the official website for detailed pricing information and any discounts that may be available for groups or special occasions.

When is the best time to visit Borthwick Castle?

The best time to visit Borthwick Castle is during the spring and summer months, from April to September, when the weather is more favorable and the grounds are particularly beautiful. Additionally, the castle often hosts special events during this time, enhancing the visitor experience.

Is Borthwick Castle accessible for visitors with mobility issues?

Borthwick Castle has made efforts to improve accessibility for visitors with mobility challenges. However, due to its historical structure, some areas may be difficult to navigate, so it's advisable to contact the castle in advance to discuss specific needs and available accommodations.

What nearby attractions can I visit while at Borthwick Castle?

While visiting Borthwick Castle, you can explore nearby attractions such as the historic town of Gorebridge and the beautiful Midlothian countryside. Other local highlights include Rosslyn Chapel and the Pentland Hills Regional Park, both offering stunning scenery and rich history.

Borthwick Castle

Borthwick Castle: a late medieval Scottish hill castle near Gorebridge

Gorebridge, United Kingdom

Late Medieval (14th–15th c.)

Borthwick Castle stands as one of the most imposing and best-preserved medieval Scottish fortifications, located near Gorebridge in Scotland. Constructed in the 15th century, it represents a quintessential example of a late medieval hill castle with a distinctive U-shaped tower house design. The castle's origins trace back to an earlier fortification on the site known as the Mote of Locherwart, before Sir William Borthwick obtained a royal licence from King James I in 1430 to erect the current stone fortalice. This licence was notable, as Scottish nobles typically did not require formal permission to build defensive structures.

The castle is perched on a small hill, naturally defended by steep slopes on three sides and originally surrounded by a stream, enhancing its strategic defensive position. Its massive sandstone ashlar walls rise to approximately 110 feet (34 meters), with thicknesses reaching up to 14 feet (4.3 meters), showcasing the formidable construction techniques of the period. The U-shaped keep consists of two slightly asymmetrical towers separated by a narrow gap, a design that was unusual for Scottish castles of the time. Surrounding the tower house is a defensive courtyard fortified with round corner towers pierced with shot-holes, evidencing the castle's military purpose.

Architectural features and construction details

Tower house and defensive structures

The castle's central feature is its tall tower house, which remains exceptionally well preserved. The tower house has two original round-headed doorways: one at ground level leading to the subterranean kitchen and storage vaults, and another at first-floor level providing direct access to the great hall via a reconstructed stone bridge. The walls are built from finely cut sandstone blocks assembled in ashlar masonry, giving the castle a smooth and durable exterior. The battlements, though no longer retaining their original stepped crenellations, are supported by massive projecting corbels with corner roundels, highlighting the castle's defensive capabilities.

The great hall

The great hall measures approximately 40 feet (12 meters) in length and is notable for its impressive height and architectural detailing. It features a barrel-vaulted Gothic ceiling painted with images of the castle itself and bears the inscription "De Temple of Honor" in Gothic script. The hall's large chimney is adorned with decorative designs, reflecting the blend of functional and artistic elements within the castle's interior. This hall would have served as the main communal and ceremonial space within the castle.

Historical significance and notable events

The borthwick family and early history

Sir William Borthwick, the castle's founder, established the fortress as the family's ancestral seat after acquiring lands from William Hay, whose resentment towards the rising Borthwicks is documented in historical accounts. The castle played a pivotal role in Scottish noble affairs during the 15th and 16th centuries, including the turbulent period of the Rough Wooing wars between Scotland and England. Notably, in 1544, John, the 5th Lord Borthwick, was captured, leading to a reciprocal hostage situation involving his wife, Isobel Lindsay, who detained the 3rd Earl of Bothwell at Borthwick until her husband's release.

Mary, queen of scots and the 1567 siege

Mary, Queen of Scots visited Borthwick Castle in 1563 and again in 1566. The castle is famously linked to her marriage to James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell, which took place in May 1567. Shortly after, Mary and Bothwell were besieged at Borthwick by forces led by Lord Home and the laird of Cessford. The queen is said to have escaped the siege disguised as a male page. However, she was later captured and imprisoned at Lochleven Castle. Bothwell fled Scotland, eventually dying in exile in Norway in 1578. This episode marks one of the castle's most dramatic historical moments, intertwining its story with Scotland's royal and political turmoil.

Cromwell's siege and later history

In 1650, during Oliver Cromwell's military campaign in Scotland, Borthwick Castle was attacked and surrendered after only a few cannon shots. The damage inflicted during this siege remains visible today as a large cannon scar on one of the castle's walls. Following a period of abandonment, the castle underwent restoration by 1914. During World War II, it served a crucial role as a secure hiding place for national treasures. In 1973, the castle was leased from the Borthwick family and converted into an exclusive hire venue, undergoing further restoration starting in 2013 and reopening in 2015.

Preservation and current status

Borthwick Castle is remarkably intact for a structure of its age, with the main tower house and much of the surrounding curtain wall preserved or restored. The castle's fine sandstone ashlar masonry and architectural features such as the original doorways and vaulted great hall have been carefully maintained. The battlements, while no longer at their original height, retain their medieval character through the surviving corbels and turrets. The castle remains under the ownership of the Borthwick family and operates as a venue for exclusive events, allowing visitors to experience a living piece of Scottish history.

Cultural and architectural legacy

Borthwick Castle exemplifies the evolution of Scottish castle architecture in the late medieval period, combining defensive features with residential comfort and status symbolism. Its U-shaped tower house design with a defensive courtyard and corner towers reflects the military needs of the time while also serving as a noble residence. The castle's association with significant historical figures, especially Mary, Queen of Scots, enhances its cultural importance. Nearby, the parish church of St Kentigern houses medieval funerary effigies of Sir William Borthwick and his wife, as well as a 15th-century aisle linked to the family, further cementing the castle's historical footprint in the region.

Frequently asked questions (FAQ)

What is the historical significance of Borthwick Castle?: Borthwick Castle is one of the best-preserved medieval castles in Scotland, dating back to the 15th century. It played a crucial role in the Wars of Scottish Independence and served as a stronghold for important historical figures, such as Mary, Queen of Scots, who visited the castle in 1567.
When was Borthwick Castle built?: Borthwick Castle was constructed between 1430 and 1450 by Sir William Borthwick. Its impressive architecture and robust defenses reflect the turbulent times during which it was built, making it a significant example of medieval Scottish military architecture.
Can I visit Borthwick Castle?: Yes, Borthwick Castle is open to visitors for guided tours and private events. It is advisable to check the castle's official website for the latest information on visiting hours and any special events.
What are the opening hours for Borthwick Castle?: Borthwick Castle typically opens to visitors from April to October, with tours available on specific days. Opening hours can vary, so it's best to confirm times on the castle's official website before planning your visit.
Is it possible to host events at Borthwick Castle?: Yes, Borthwick Castle is available for private events, including weddings and corporate functions. The castle offers a unique and historic setting, and interested parties should contact the venue for more information on packages and availability.
What are the ticket prices for visiting Borthwick Castle?: Ticket prices for Borthwick Castle can vary depending on the type of tour or event. It is recommended to check the official website for detailed pricing information and any discounts that may be available for groups or special occasions.
When is the best time to visit Borthwick Castle?: The best time to visit Borthwick Castle is during the spring and summer months, from April to September, when the weather is more favorable and the grounds are particularly beautiful. Additionally, the castle often hosts special events during this time, enhancing the visitor experience.
Is Borthwick Castle accessible for visitors with mobility issues?: Borthwick Castle has made efforts to improve accessibility for visitors with mobility challenges. However, due to its historical structure, some areas may be difficult to navigate, so it's advisable to contact the castle in advance to discuss specific needs and available accommodations.
What nearby attractions can I visit while at Borthwick Castle?: While visiting Borthwick Castle, you can explore nearby attractions such as the historic town of Gorebridge and the beautiful Midlothian countryside. Other local highlights include Rosslyn Chapel and the Pentland Hills Regional Park, both offering stunning scenery and rich history.

Photo gallery

Click to view

Photo by Peter van der Wielen•CC BY-SA 3.0

1 photo • Click any image to view in full screen

Information

Hill Castle

Website

Visit website

Sources & official resources

Verify the information above using these authoritative references.

Official website

Loading map...

Visitor reviews

No reviews yet. Been here? Write the first review and help other travelers!

Write the first review

Visited this castle? Share your experience

Your review helps other travelers and adds first-hand knowledge to our encyclopedia.

Write a review

Nearby castles

1.7 km

Crichton Castle

Midlothian, United Kingdom

Crichton Castle stands as a remarkable example of Scottish medieval architecture, located near the village of Crichton in Midlothian, Scotland. Perched strategically at the head of the River Tyne, it lies approximately two miles from both Pathhead and Gorebridge. This hill castle was originally constructed in the late 14th century as a fortified tower house, reflecting the defensive needs and domestic aspirations of the Scottish nobility during the late medieval period. The castle's initial builder, John de Crichton, established the tower house as the family seat. His son, William Crichton, 1st Lord Crichton, significantly expanded the structure in the 15th century as the family's influence grew, coinciding with his prominent role as Lord Chancellor of Scotland. William's involvement in the infamous Black Dinner of 1440 led to the Crichtons acquiring the powerful Douglas family's estates, including Bothwell Castle. This event triggered violent reprisals, including an attack and slighting of Crichton Castle in 1445 by John of Corstorphine, a Douglas loyalist. Nevertheless, the castle was rebuilt and extended, and a nearby collegiate church was founded, enhancing the family's regional prominence. Architectural evolution and features Medieval tower house origins The castle's earliest section, the east tower, dates from its original 14th-century construction. This tower featured a vaulted basement, a timber entresol intermediate floor, and a vaulted hall above, typical of Scottish tower houses designed for both defense and residence. The south tower was added in the early 15th century, creating an L-shaped layout. This addition included vaulted cellars flanking a central entrance and two upper halls, reflecting its dual function as a stronghold and noble residence. The gatehouse was positioned between these towers, controlling access to the central courtyard. 15th-century expansions and the west block Later in the 15th century, a substantial west block was constructed, featuring a six-storey tower at its southwest corner. This tower contained multiple bedrooms with garderobes (medieval toilets) and was accessed via a staircase in the south block, indicating a sophisticated internal layout designed for comfort and defense. Surrounding the core buildings was a barmkin or enclosed courtyard wall, supplemented by earthworks to enhance the castle's defensive capabilities. Italianate north range and Renaissance influence In the 1580s, under the ownership of Francis Stewart, 5th Earl of Bothwell, the castle underwent a dramatic transformation with the addition of the Italianate north range. Stewart, having traveled extensively in Europe, was inspired by Renaissance architecture, particularly the Palazzo dei Diamanti in Ferrara, Italy. This influence is evident in the north façade's distinctive diamond-patterned rustication, a rare and innovative feature in Scottish architecture. The façade also bears the initials of Francis Stewart and his wife, Margaret Douglas, alongside an anchor symbol representing Stewart's role as Lord High Admiral of Scotland. Inside, the north range introduced Scotland's first known example of a scale-and-platt staircase, a modern stair design with landings and straight flights, replacing traditional spiral staircases. Adjacent to the original tower, a drawing room was added, reflecting Renaissance domestic comfort and style. South of the main castle complex lies a large stable block dating from the same period, notable for its horseshoe-shaped entrance wide enough for mounted riders and living quarters above for stable staff or guests. Historical significance and ownership The Crichton family and political intrigue The Crichton family's prominence peaked under William Crichton, whose political maneuvering included orchestrating the Black Dinner, a pivotal event that reshaped Scottish noble power dynamics. The family's fortunes waned after the 3rd Lord Crichton supported the rebellious Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany, leading to forfeiture of their lands and titles in 1483. The castle briefly passed to Sir John Ramsey before being granted by James IV to Patrick Hepburn, Lord Hailes, later Earl of Bothwell. The Hepburns and the tumultuous 16th century The Hepburn family held Crichton Castle through a turbulent period marked by religious and political conflict. The castle was besieged and captured in 1560 during the Scottish Reformation by the forces of Regent Arran. It was also the site of the 1562 wedding of Jean Hepburn and John Stewart, Prior of Coldingham, half-brother to Mary, Queen of Scots, who stayed at the castle during the festivities. James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell, infamous for his involvement in the murder of Lord Darnley and subsequent marriage to Mary, Queen of Scots, forfeited the castle in 1567. Ownership then passed to his illegitimate grandson, Francis Stewart, who infused the castle with Renaissance style but later fell from royal favor and fled Scotland following accusations of witchcraft. Later history and cultural legacy By the late 16th century, Crichton Castle had begun to decline in importance and fell into disuse. It was recorded as a source of building stone by 1659, indicating partial dismantling. In the 20th century, the castle was placed under state care by Major Henry Callander in 1956 and is now managed by Historic Environment Scotland as a scheduled monument. The castle has inspired artists and writers, notably J. M. W. Turner, who painted its evocative ruins. It also appears in Sir Walter Scott's poem Marmion and has served as a filming location for movies such as Rob Roy (1995) and The Wicker Tree (2011), cementing its place in Scotland's cultural heritage. Architectural remains and visitor experience Today, visitors to Crichton Castle can explore the ruins that reveal the castle's layered history through its four interconnected buildings arranged around a central courtyard. The surviving tower houses, gatehouse, and the distinctive diamond-faceted north range offer insight into the evolution of Scottish noble residences from fortified medieval strongholds to Renaissance-inspired homes. The castle's local sandstone construction ties it visually and materially to the surrounding landscape. The stable block and the remnants of defensive earthworks and courtyard walls further illustrate the castle's original function as a self-contained fortified estate. Accessible to the public under the stewardship of Historic Environment Scotland, Crichton Castle provides a compelling destination for those interested in Scottish history, architecture, and the dramatic stories of the noble families who shaped its past.

Late Medieval (14th–15th c.)

Details

5.7 km

Dalhousie Castle

Cockpen, United Kingdom

Dalhousie Castle stands as a remarkable example of Scottish medieval and early modern fortification and noble residence. Located near Bonnyrigg in Midlothian, Scotland, about 13 kilometers south of Edinburgh, the castle occupies a commanding position overlooking the River Esk. Its origins trace back to the mid-12th century, around 1140, when Simundus de Ramesie, an English knight of Norman descent and vassal to David, Earl of Huntingdon (later King of Scotland), established the first fortification on the site then known as Dalwolsey. This foundation marked the beginning of the Clan Ramsay legacy and the castle's role as their ancestral seat for more than eight centuries, the longest continuous family ownership of any Scottish castle. Early history and foundation The initial castle constructed by Simundus de Ramesie was a strategic stronghold designed to secure the area and assert control over the surrounding lands. The location was chosen for its natural defensive advantages—situated on elevated ground with views over the river valley, it controlled key routes south of Edinburgh. The early structure likely consisted of timber and earthworks, typical of Norman fortifications of the period, though no physical remains of this earliest phase survive today. By the 15th century, the castle had evolved into a substantial stone fortress. The oldest surviving part of the current structure is the mid-15th-century drum tower, a round defensive tower integrated into the castle's L-plan layout. This architectural form was common in Scottish castles, combining a main rectangular block with a projecting wing, allowing for better defense and more comfortable living quarters. Medieval military significance Dalhousie Castle played a notable role in Scotland's turbulent medieval history. In 1298, King Edward I of England, known as Longshanks, stayed at the castle as he prepared for the Battle of Falkirk, a key conflict during the Wars of Scottish Independence. This highlights the castle's strategic importance on the borderlands between Scotland and England. In 1400, the castle endured a significant military episode when Sir Alexander Ramsay successfully withstood a six-month siege by English forces led by King Henry IV. This prolonged defense underscored the fortress's strength and the Ramsay family's determination to maintain their hold on the territory. Later, in the 17th century, Oliver Cromwell used Dalhousie Castle as a military base during his invasion of Scotland, further cementing its role as a strategic military asset across centuries. Architectural development and estate features The castle as it stands today largely reflects the extensive rebuilding and expansion carried out during the 17th century. The red sandstone construction features robust defensive walls, battlements, and the characteristic L-plan with the drum tower anchoring one corner. Originally, the castle was surrounded by a dry moat, a defensive ditch that was later filled in but partially re-excavated in the late 20th century, revealing insights into the castle's original defenses. Around 1800, the castle's grounds were enhanced with a walled garden redesigned by the renowned landscape gardener Walter Nicol. This garden added a formal aesthetic to the estate, reflecting the transition of the castle from purely defensive fortress to a stately country residence with cultivated green spaces. Later history and modern transformation Dalhousie Castle remained the seat of the Earls of Dalhousie and the Ramsay clan for centuries. Around the turn of the 20th century, the clan seat was relocated to Brechin Castle, though Dalhousie remained under Ramsay ownership until 1977, marking an extraordinary eight-century tenure. Throughout the 20th century, the castle was leased to various tenants, including a boarding school, before its conversion into a hotel in 1972. This adaptive reuse preserved the castle's historic fabric while allowing it to serve a new function in hospitality. In 2003, the property was acquired by Von Essen Hotels for approximately £10 million. In June 2004, a significant fire damaged the castle's roof area. Thanks to prompt evacuation and firefighting efforts by the Lothian and Borders Fire Brigade, the damage was contained without major structural loss. Restoration work was undertaken to repair the roof and preserve the castle's integrity, enabling the hotel to resume operations. Following financial difficulties faced by Von Essen Hotels, Dalhousie Castle was sold in 2012 to Robert Parker, a private owner with interests in historic properties. Architectural highlights and preservation Dalhousie Castle's architecture is a blend of medieval and early modern Scottish styles. The drum tower remains a key defensive feature, while the 17th-century expansions added more comfortable living quarters and refined stonework. The castle's L-plan design maximizes defensibility while providing residential space. The partially excavated dry moat offers valuable archaeological evidence of the castle's defensive arrangements. The red sandstone used throughout the construction gives the castle its distinctive appearance, harmonizing with the natural landscape. The walled garden designed by Walter Nicol is an important landscape element, illustrating the evolution of the estate from fortress to country house. The garden's layout and planting reflect early 19th-century tastes and gardening practices. Cultural significance and visitor experience Dalhousie Castle is not only a historic monument but also a living heritage site. Its conversion to a hotel allows visitors to experience the atmosphere of a Scottish castle with modern comforts. The castle's long association with the Ramsay family and its involvement in key historical events make it a place of considerable cultural importance. Visitors can explore the castle's historic interiors, enjoy the scenic views over the River Esk, and appreciate the carefully maintained gardens. The castle's preservation efforts ensure that its architectural and historical character remains intact for future generations. Dalhousie Castle exemplifies the layered history of Scottish castles, combining military, residential, and landscape elements that tell the story of Scotland's noble families and their enduring legacy.

Late Medieval (14th–15th c.)

Details

6.1 km

Oxenfoord Castle

Pathhead, United Kingdom

Oxenfoord Castle stands as a remarkable example of Scottish architectural evolution, located in the parish of Pathhead, Scotland. The estate's origins trace back to the 12th century when it was first owned by the Riddel family, an early Scottish lineage. Over centuries, the castle transformed from a fortified tower house into a refined country residence, reflecting the tastes and ambitions of its successive owners. The castle's earliest significant structure was a 16th-century L-plan tower house built by the MacGill family, who took ownership in the 1500s. This tower house served as a defensive residence typical of the period, with thick walls and limited openings designed for protection. In 1651, James MacGill was ennobled as the Viscount of Oxfuird, cementing the family's noble association with Oxenfoord. In the late 18th century, the estate passed into the Dalrymple family through the marriage of Elizabeth Hamilton to Sir John Dalrymple, 4th Baronet. Sir John Dalrymple was a distinguished lawyer, scientist, and historian who commissioned the celebrated architect Robert Adam in 1780 to transform the existing tower house into an elegant country house. Adam's work, completed by around 1783, retained the core of the original tower but expanded and reimagined the building with classical design principles. The castle was rebuilt in sandstone, featuring refined decorative elements such as battlement-like parapets that referenced medieval fortifications in a sophisticated manner. Architectural transformation by Robert Adam Adam's redesign of Oxenfoord Castle is a notable example of his ability to blend classical architecture with the existing medieval structure. The castle's layout maintained the footprint of the earlier tower house, but the elevations and interiors were transformed to suit late 18th-century tastes. The use of sandstone and the incorporation of classical motifs brought a sense of grandeur and elegance to the estate, elevating it from a defensive stronghold to a stately home. The castle's exterior features include battlemented parapets that provide a romantic nod to its fortified past while serving a purely decorative function. The interiors were likely updated with refined plasterwork, elegant staircases, and spacious reception rooms typical of Adam's country house commissions, although specific interior details are less documented. Expansion under William Burn in the 19th century In 1842, the 8th Earl of Stair commissioned the architect William Burn to enlarge the castle. Burn's work nearly doubled the size of the building by adding a new wing and an entrance hall. His design was carefully executed to complement Adam's earlier work, preserving the architectural harmony of the complex. Burn was known for his skill in sympathetic expansions of existing structures, and his contribution to Oxenfoord Castle is a fine example of this approach. The new wing and entrance enhanced the castle's functionality and grandeur, reflecting the status of the Dalrymple family as prominent Scottish nobility. Burn’s addition maintained the sandstone construction and stylistic motifs consistent with Adam’s classical influence, ensuring a seamless visual transition between the phases of construction. Landscape and grounds: pinetum and designed gardens The estate grounds were further enriched during the 19th century by the 8th and 9th Earls of Stair, who established a pinetum—a specialized collection of pine trees—adding botanical interest and aesthetic appeal to the landscape. This arboretum forms part of the larger designed gardens and parkland surrounding the castle, which are recognized for their horticultural significance. The grounds are included in Scotland’s Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes, where they are acknowledged for excellence in two categories. This recognition highlights the estate’s importance not only for its architectural heritage but also for its contribution to Scotland’s landscape design traditions. Oxenfoord Viaduct: an architectural complement Approximately 50 meters north of the castle stands the Oxenfoord Viaduct, built around 1783. This sandstone masonry bridge carries the main access road over a steep ravine and features three arches, with a double-height central arch flanked by two smaller ones. The viaduct’s parapet is adorned with crenellations, stone battlements that echo the castle’s decorative battlemented parapets, creating a cohesive visual link between the structures. Both the castle and the viaduct are protected as category A listed buildings, underscoring their architectural and historic significance. The viaduct is not only functional but also an important aesthetic element of the estate, enhancing the approach to the castle. Historical significance and later uses Oxenfoord Castle served as the principal seat of the Earls of Stair after the 8th Earl inherited the title in 1840. However, by 1864, the 10th Earl shifted the family’s primary residence to Lochinch Castle in Galloway, leading to a diminished role for Oxenfoord as a family home. In the 20th century, the castle found a new purpose as the site of Oxenfoord Castle School from 1931 to 1993, founded by Lady Marjorie Dalrymple. After the school's closure, the property returned to private ownership within the Dalrymple family and has since been used mainly for private and corporate events. Preservation and heritage status Since 1971, Oxenfoord Castle and its estate have been designated as category A listed buildings, reflecting their outstanding architectural and historic interest. This status ensures the protection and careful management of the castle and its associated structures. The castle is a well-preserved example of the blend of medieval defensive architecture and 18th- and 19th-century classical country house styles. It communicates the layered history of Scottish aristocratic residences, showcasing the transition from fortified tower houses to elegant stately homes. Today, Oxenfoord Castle stands as a testament to Scotland's rich architectural heritage, embodying centuries of history through its fabric and landscape. It continues to attract interest for its architectural significance, historical associations, and beautifully designed grounds.

Late Medieval (14th–15th c.)

Details

Back to United Kingdom castles Explore all castles