Dhafeer Fort

Dhafeer Fort, also known as Al Hamily Tower, is situated near the Liwa oasis in the emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. This small fortification stands as a reminder of the strategic importance of the Liwa oasis, a cluster of several smaller oases stretching over 110 kilometers along the northern edge of the vast Rub' Al Khali Desert, also known as the Empty Quarter.

The Liwa oasis has historically been a vital source of water in an otherwise harsh desert environment. Its wells were precious resources for the local population, particularly the Bani Yas tribes who inhabited the region. During the mid-19th and early 20th centuries, these tribes constructed several forts and watchtowers to protect their water supplies and provide refuge from nomadic groups traversing the desert. Dhafeer Fort is one of these defensive structures, built primarily to safeguard the valuable wells and to serve as a fortified residence.

Historical context and significance

Although the exact date of construction for Dhafeer Fort is uncertain, it is generally attributed to the 19th century. The fort likely functioned as a fortified family home rather than a large military installation, suggested by its modest size and design. It has been associated with the Al Hamily family, which may explain its alternative name, Al Hamily Tower.

The fort is part of a network of defensive structures in the Liwa region. Today, eight forts and towers remain in this area, with six having undergone restoration efforts. These include Maria Al Gharbiyah Fort, Qutuf Fort, Muqib Tower, Mezairaa Fort, Attab Fort, and Al Jabbana Fort. Al Hayla Tower and Umm Hosn Fort remain in ruins, although a reconstructed version of Umm Hosn Fort has been built nearby. All these fortifications lie north of the Hameem-Arrada Road (E90), which connects the various Liwa oases.

Architectural features and construction

Dhafeer Fort is constructed primarily from traditional materials typical of desert architecture in the region. The walls are made of mud bricks and cob, providing insulation against the intense heat. Palm tree trunks were used to create the ceilings, a common practice that utilized the natural resources available in the oasis environment. Details such as plaster and finishing elements were crafted using gypsum.

The fort has a somewhat oval-shaped enclosure with a rectangular tower incorporated into its western wall. The tower likely served both as a lookout point and a defensive stronghold. The compact scale of the fort suggests its primary use was residential with defensive capabilities rather than a large-scale military fortress.

Layout and interior

The interior of Dhafeer Fort is currently bare, with no furnishings or displays. This simplicity reflects its original utilitarian purpose. The rooms would have provided shelter and storage for the family and their supplies, as well as a safe haven during times of conflict or raids.

Current condition and accessibility

Today, Dhafeer Fort is well preserved and freely accessible to visitors. Despite its accessibility, the site is not signposted, and there are no interpretive panels or information boards on site. Visitors can explore the fort's exterior and interior spaces, gaining a sense of the historical lifestyle and defensive needs of the oasis inhabitants.

The fort's location near the Hameem-Arrada Road (E90) makes it relatively easy to reach for those traveling through the Liwa region. Its modest size and quiet surroundings offer a peaceful glimpse into the past, contrasting with more heavily touristed sites.

Other forts in the Liwa oasis region

The Liwa oasis hosts several other forts and towers, each with its own history and architectural character. The restoration of six forts in recent years reflects growing interest in preserving the cultural heritage of this desert region. These structures collectively illustrate the defensive strategies and settlement patterns of the local tribes who depended on the oasis for survival.

While some forts like Al Hayla Tower and Umm Hosn Fort remain in ruins, their presence alongside restored forts highlights the ongoing challenges of preserving earthen architecture in a harsh desert climate.