Aux Bois Tower

Aux Bois Tower, also known locally as Tour aux Bois or Tour Sarrazine, is a medieval defensive tower located in a valley north of the village of Saint-Waast in the Nord department of France. This tower stands as a significant relic of the High Medieval period, dating back to the 12th century, and was likely constructed under the direction of Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut, during the second half of that century.

Historical context and strategic importance

Aux Bois Tower was part of a strategic defensive network that included other towers at Monceau-Saint-Waast, Beaufort, and Sars-la-Bruyère. These towers collectively formed a fortified line designed to protect the border of the County of Hainaut from incursions by the rival Lords of Avesnes. This border defense system reflects the turbulent feudal conflicts of the High Medieval era in northern France and the Low Countries.

Architectural features and modifications

The tower was first documented in historical records in 1313 under the name "La Tour aux Bois." Architectural modifications were made either in the 14th century or towards the end of the 15th century. These renovations included dividing the cellar into two levels, the installation of vaulted upper floors, and the addition of large windows and chimneys, which suggest adaptations for improved habitation and comfort.

Access to the tower was originally controlled via a drawbridge, leading to an entrance door located on the second floor. This elevated entrance was a common defensive feature in medieval towers, designed to make unauthorized access more difficult.

The tower's later history and current state

In the 18th century, the tower gained a more clandestine reputation as a possible hideout for the notorious regional bandit Antoine-Joseph Moneuse. This colorful episode adds to the tower's layered historical narrative beyond its military origins.

Today, Aux Bois Tower stands in a small, peaceful meadow, retaining much of its medieval character. However, its interior is not open to the public, limiting direct visitor access. Despite this, the tower remains an evocative example of High Medieval military architecture in the region and a point of interest for those exploring the historical landscape of Northern France.

Architectural significance and preservation

While the tower is not extensively restored, its structure is partially preserved, allowing for the appreciation of its original defensive design elements. The vaulted floors and the remnants of the drawbridge entrance highlight typical medieval fortification techniques. Its survival through centuries of conflict and change offers valuable insights into the defensive strategies employed during the 12th to 15th centuries.

Visiting information and surroundings

Aux Bois Tower is located near Chemin de Bettrechies and is accessible for viewing from the outside. The tranquil meadow setting provides a scenic backdrop, making it a serene spot for history enthusiasts and visitors interested in medieval architecture. Although the tower's interior is closed, the exterior offers a tangible connection to the region's feudal past.